Lingva Franka (Russian Edition)

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The term lingua franca derives from Mediterranean Lingua Franca (also known as Sabir), the pidgin language that people around the Levant and the eastern Mediterranean Sea used as the main language of commerce and diplomacy from late medieval times to the 18th century, most notably during the Renaissance era. [15] [8] During that period, a simplified version of mainly Italian in the eastern and Spanish in the western Mediterranean that incorporated many loan words from Greek, the Slavic languages, Arabic, and Turkish came to be widely used as the "lingua franca" of the region, although some scholars claim that the Mediterranean Lingua Franca was just poorly used Italian. [13] Perština ( fársí) je univerzálním jazykem pro obyvatele Íránu, Afghánistánu a Tádžikistánu. V minulosti sloužila i jako universální jazyk v Turkestánu. A lingua franca ( / ˌ l ɪ ŋ ɡ w ə ˈ f r æ ŋ k ə/; lit. 'Frankish tongue'; for plurals see §Usage notes), [1] also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages. [2] Old Tamil was once the lingua franca for most of ancient Tamilakam and Sri Lanka. John Guy states that Tamil was also the lingua franca for early maritime traders from India. [41] The language and its dialects were used widely in the state of Kerala as the major language of administration, literature and common usage until the 12th century AD. Tamil was also used widely in inscriptions found in southern Andhra Pradesh districts of Chittoor and Nellore until the 12th century AD. [42] Tamil was used for inscriptions from the 10th through 14th centuries in southern Karnataka districts such as Kolar, Mysore, Mandya and Bangalore. [43]

LINGUA FRANCA History of LINGUA FRANCA

Indonesian, a standardized variety of Malay, serves as a lingua franca throughout Indonesia and East Timor (where it is considered a working language), areas that are home to over 700 indigenous languages. [ citation needed] Lao [ edit ]Sanskrit historically served as a lingua franca throughout the majority of India. [25] [26] [27] [28] Sogdian [ edit ] The Last Lingua Franca: English Until the Return of Babel. Nicholas Ostler. Ch.7. ISBN 978-0802717719

Lingua Franca and Pidgins - ThoughtCo An Overview of Lingua Franca and Pidgins - ThoughtCo

Hindi has emerged as a lingua franca for the locals of Arunachal Pradesh, a linguistically diverse state in Northeast India. [17] It is estimated that 90 percent of the state's population knows Hindi. [18] A variety known as Haflong Hindi is widely used in the Dima Hasao district. [ citation needed] Hindština ( hindí) a jí blízká urdština ( urdú) se běžně používají v Indii a Pákistánu. V současnosti s nimi soupeří i angličtina.

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Barbour, Stephen; Cathie Carmichael (2000). Language and Nationalism in Europe. Oxford UP. p.194. ISBN 0-19-925085-5. Murthy, Srinivasa; Rao, Surendra; Veluthat, Kesavan; Bari, S.A. (1990), Essays on Indian History and culture: Felicitation volume in Honour of Professor B. Sheik Ali, New Delhi: Mittal, pp.85–106, ISBN 978-81-7099-211-0